I will start by giving you this "sport terms dictionary'' so you can learn and recognize all of this words
This new dictionary give the definitions of more than 8,000 terms used in sports and games. The coverage ranges alphabetically from aikido to yachting and includes all well-known sports .
THE DICTIONARY :
AAA (athletics) abbreviation ofAmateur Athletic
Association
abaft(sailing) behind the boat
A-bars(g ymnastics) short form of asymmetric bars
aboard(baseball) another term for on base; (equestrianism, horse racing) another term for on board
abseil(mountaineering) the descent of a rock face
on a fixed rope using braking and sliding mechanisms [German Abseil, from ab, “down,” and
Seil, “rope”]
abseiling(mountaineering) the descending of a rock
face by means of an abseil
Abu Dhabi Grand Prix (auto racing) the Formula
One international Grand Prixheld on the Yas
Marina circuit, Abu Dhabi
academy(equestrianism) a riding school
acceptor(horse racing) a horse that has its entry for
a raceconfirmed
Accies(association football) nickname of the Scottish clubHamilton Academicals
accumulator(horse racing) a beton four or more
races, with the stake and winnings from each
race laid on the next race, so that the puntereither wins handsomely or loses everything
accuracy jumping(parachuting) a jump made
with the aim of landing on or near the center of
a targetlaid out below
ace(baseball) a team’s best starting pitcher; (golf)
a hole in one; (squash, tennis) a servethat the receivercannot touch
acey-deucey(horse racing) colloquial term for a
riderwho sets his stirrups at different lengths
[said to derive from AC/DC, “alternating current/direct current”]
acro(skiing) a form of aerial[abbreviation of acrobatic]
acrobat(g ymnastics) a performer of acrobatics
acrobatics(g ymnastics) a routineof gymnastic
feats
across the board(horse racing) (of ) a betthat covers all possible results in a race, whether a win,
a placeor a show[the board is the noticeboard
on which the races and oddsare listed]
across the flat(horse racing) flat racingunder
Jockey Clubrules, as distinct from over the
sticks
acting half-back(rugby league) the player, often
the hooker, who picks the ballup after a playthe-ball
action!(wrestling) the command by the refereeto
start wrestling
action replay(general) an instant televised repeat
of an important or disputed incident in a match,
as a goalin association footballor a catchin
cricket
ad court(tennis) short form of advantage court
adaptive rowing (rowing) rowingor scullingin
boats that have been adapted for people with
physical limitations or disabilities
added money(horse racing) extra money added to
the basic stakesawarded to the winner
added time(general) time added to the normal
length of time for a match, as injury time in
association football
Addicks(association football) nickname of the English clubCharlton Athletic [corruption of Athletic]
additional assistant referee(association football)
one of two extra assistant referees behind each
goalwho help the refereewith decisions relating to the goal line, set pieces, and play in the
penalty area
address the ball(golf) to take up a stancein order
to strike the ball
Admiral’s Cup(sailing) a biennial series of racesoff
the south coast of England for national teams of
three boats each, culminating in the Fastnet
Cup[established in 1957 by the Royal Ocean
Racing Club, whose admiral presents the trophy]
adolph(trampolining) a forward somersault with
three and a half twists [so called for its similarity to a rudolph]
advantage(rugby league) a period of time allowed
by the referee after an infringement to determine whether to award the opposing team a
penaltyor to allow play to continue; (rugby
union) a period of time allowed by the referee
after an infringement to determine whether to
award the opposing team a penalty, free kick,
orscrumor to allow play to continue; (tennis)
the first pointafter deuce
advantage court(tennis) the left side of the court,
from which the serve is made and received at
odd-numbered points
advantage rule(general) a rule under which an
infringement and its penaltyare overlooked if
this is to the advantage of the non-offending
team
adventure racing(general) a long and arduous
racebetween individuals or teams over an open,
varied course, typically including a mountain or
river, with progress made either on foot (or by
swimming) or by a form of transport, as by bicycle, by boat, or on horseback
adventure sport(general) a sport played not in an
enclosed area such as a fieldbut pursued in an
open, natural environment such as water, snow,
or air and potentially hazardous, so embracing all
extreme sportsand even such conventional
sports as sailingand skiing
aerial(g ymnastics) (of ) a maneuver in which a
complete turn is made in the air without touching the apparatus; (skateboarding) a trick performed in mid-flight, usually by launching the
boardoff a ramp; (skiing) a maneuver such as
an acro carried out in mid-air
aerial contact(general) a contact in midair between two players, as in a flying tackle
aerial ping-pong (sport) colloquial term for Australian Rules, where the frequent exchanges of
high kicks in the air suggest the game of pingpong
aerialist(skiing) a skier who performs gymnastic
maneuvers in midair
aero bars(cycling) extensions fixed to the handlebars of a time-trial bikeor track bikethat allow
the riderto lean further forward and so adopt an
improved aerodynamic position
aerobics(g ymnastics) a system of rapid and strenuous exercises designed to increase fitness and
improve bodyshape [term coined in 1968 by U.S.
physician Kenneth H. Cooper, from aerobic, “requiring oxygen,” with plural -sas in gymnastics]
aet(general) abbreviation of after extra time
AFC(American football) abbreviation ofAmerican
Football Conference
AFL(American football) abbreviation of American Football League; (Australian Rules) abbreviation of Australian Football League
African Games(Olympics) regional gamesheld
since 1965 for competitors from African countries
aft(sailing) at or toward the rear of a boat
after extra time(general) (of ) a scorewhen extra
timehas been added to the regular time
against the darts(darts) (of ) a winscored even
though the opposing player had the advantage
of throwing first
against the head(rugby union) (of ) gaining the
possessionof the ballfrom a scrumto which the
opposing team had the advantage of the put-in
agricultural(cricket) (of ) a hefty or lofty stroke,
as typically occurs in village cricket
aid(equestrianism) a prompt of the hands or legs
that the rider gives a horse to make it turn,
change gait, or the like
aid climbing (mountaineering) climbingwith the
assistance of special equipment such as cramponsand ice axes
aikido(sport) a Japanese martial artthat uses
specified movesand throws[Japanese ai, “harmony,” ki, “breath,” and do, “way”]
aikidoka(aikido) a practitioner of aikido
aiming mark(shooting) the center spot of a target
Aintree(horse racing) the racecourseat Liverpool,
England, where the Grand Nationalis run
air(basketball) the distance between the ground
and a player’s feet when shootingor jumping
for the ball; (equestrianism) a staged or rehearsed
movement in haute école; (snowboarding,
surfing) an airborne maneuver
air gun(shooting) a rifle or pistol firing lead pellets
by means of compressed air
air hostess(cricket) colloquial term for a ballhit
particularly high [as if able to bring down an air
hostess in an airplane]
air pistol(shooting) a pistolfiring lead pellets by
means of compressed air
air rifle(shooting) a riflefiring lead pellets by means
of compressed air
air shot(general) a strokethat fails to connect
with the ball, as typically in cricketor golf
air sports(general) a category of adventure sports,
including, among others, glidingand parachuting
airborne soccer(sport) a gamesimilar to association football in which a Frisbee is substituted for
the ball
airborne throw(netball) a throwmade when a
player is in the air
albatross(golf) a scoreof three strokesunder par
on a hole [as a “bird” greater and more impressive than an eagle]
Albiceleste(association football) nickname of the
Argentine national team [blend of Spanish albar,
“white,” and celeste, “sky blue,” the colors of the
stripes on the players’ shirts]
Albion(archery) a round of 36 arrowseach for
men and women at 80, 60, and 50yds (73m,
advantage • Albion 6
55m, and 46m); (association football) (1) short
name of the Scottish clubStirling Albion; (2)
short name of the English club West Bromwich
Albion
alder(angling) an artificial flythat resembles the
alder fly
all–American (American football) a college footballplayer in a team made up of the best such
players at each position
all-around(g ymnastics) a competition in which
the highest scorefrom all eventsis combined to
give an overall champion
All Blacks(rugby union) nickname of the New
Zealand international team [so dubbed for their
dark stripby British journalists at the start of
their tourof Britain in 1905]
all-in wrestling (wrestling) a form of the sport with
few restrictions on the permitted holds
All-Ireland(Gaelic football, hurling) (of ) a final
between teams with players drawn from both
the Republic of Ireland and Northern Ireland
all-play-all(general) another term for a round
robin
all-pro(American football) a professional player selected to play in the Pro Bowlas one of the best
in his position
all-rounder(cricket) a player who is equally competent as batsmanand bowler
all-seater stadium(general) a stadiumwith no
accommodation for standing spectators
all-star(baseball) a player selected to represent his
leaguein an All-Star game
All-Star game(baseball) an annual matchbetween
teams selected from the best players in the National Leagueand the American League
all-ticket match(general) a matchfor which spectators must obtain tickets in advance
all-weather(horse racing) (of ) a racecoursewith a
synthetic surface that allows racing to take place
in any weather
All Whites(association football) nickname of the
New Zealand national team [the color of the
team’s strip]
alley(baseball) a section of the outfieldbetween
two fielders; (bowls) the long narrow enclosure
where indoor bowlsare played; (skittles) the area
where the gameis played; (tennis) the space between the tramlinesat the side of the court;
(tenpin bowling) the long narrow enclosure where
the gameis played
alley-oop (basketball) a maneuver in which the
ballis thrown up high so that another player
running toward the basketcan catch it in midair
and score; (skateboarding, snowboarding) a spin
made in the opposite direction to that in which
the boarder is traveling [probably Frenchallez!,
“go!” and a supposed French pronunciation of
up, influenced by Alley Oop, a character created
by U.S. cartoonist V.T. Hamlin in the 1930s]
allez!(fencing) the command given by the referee
to start fencing [French allez!, “go!”]
Allianz Arena (general) a leading sports stadium
in Munich, Germany
allowance(horse racing) a deduction from the
weightthat a horse carries
Alpine skiing(skiing) a competitive form of the
sport involving downhilland slalom events
[originating in countries where the Alps form
part of the territory, as France and Switzerland]
also-ran(horse racing) a horse that ran a racebut
did not finish with a place
amateur(general) a person who takes part in sport
for pleasure, as distinct from a paid professional
Amateur Athletic Association(athletics) the
British national governing organization for athletics, founded in 1880
amble(equestrianism) a horse’s leisurely gaitin
which the legs on one side are lifted alternately
with those on the other side
American bowls (bowling) another name for tenpin bowling
American football(sport) a form of footballplayed
with an oval ballbetween teams of 11 players, pointsbeing scored for touchdownsand
goals
American Football Conference(American football) one of the two conferencesinto which the
National Football League was divided in 1969,
the other being the National Football Conference
American Football League(American football) the
professional football organization formed in
1959 to rival the National Football Leagueand
merging with the latter in 1970
American League(baseball) one of the two most
prestigious North American professional leagues,
formed in 1901to rival the National League
American tournament(general) another term for
a round robin
America’s Cup (sailing) the cupawarded to the
winner of an international series of racesheld
approximately every four years between one defending vessel and one challenging vessel [first
awarded by the Royal Yacht Squadron in 1851to
the U.S. schooner America, winner of a race
around the Isle of Wight]
amidships(sailing) in or toward the middle of the
boat
amplitude(snowboarding) the height of a jumpor
trick
anabolic steroids (general) a drug that increases
muscle size, illegally taken by some athletesor
administered to racehorses
Anaheim Stadium(baseball) the California stadium
7 alder • Anaheim
that is the home groundof the Anaheim Angels team
anchor(athletics) the contestant who runs the anchor leg; (cricket) a batsmanwho can be relied
on not to take risks; (tenpin bowling) the last
bowlerfor the team, and generally the best; (tug
of war) the person at the end of the rope, who
“digs in” to steady those in front
anchor cannon (billiards) a strokein which the
two object ballsare kept close to the cushionso
that a series of cannonscan be made without
disturbing their position
anchor leg(athletics) the final stageof a relay race
anchorman(general) another name for an anchor
Anfield(association football) the home groundof
the English clubLiverpool
Angels(baseball) short name of the Anaheim Angels team
angle(snooker) to position the cue ballso close to
the corner of the cushionthat it is difficult to
hit it in a straight line toward the object ball;
(squash) a shotthat hits one of the side walls,
then the front wall, before bouncing
angle of split(croquet) the angle at which the balls
diverge in a split croquet shot
angled shot(table tennis) a sharp strokethat sends
the ballaway at an angle
angler(angling) formal term for a person who fishes
angling(sport) the formal name for the sport or
pastime of catching fish
angulate(skiing) to bend the body, or part of the
body, away from the slope in order to maintain
balance
ankle lace(wrestling) a holdin which a wrestler
traps his opponent by the ankles, so that his back
is to the mat
Annie’s room(darts) a scoreof double one [from
the World War I phrase “up in Annie’s room” as
a dismissive reply to a query regarding the
whereabouts of a person or thing, the number 1
being at the top of the dartboard]
AN Other(general) a name inserted in a list of
team members to represent a player yet to be announced [anotherspelled as if a personal name]
ante-post(horse racing) a betplaced before the day
of the race[before (ante) the runners have their
numbers posted]
apex(auto racing) the center point of a corner
apparatus(g ymnastics) the equipment, or piece of
equipment, on which a gymnastperforms
appeal(cricket) a request from a fielderto the umpireto establish whether the batsmanis outor
not
appearance money(general) a fee paid to a famous player or performer to ensure his presence
at a sporting event and so draw paying spectators
appel(fencing) (1) a stamp of the front footin a
feint; (2) a sharp blow with the épée, also as a
feint [French appel, “challenge”]
apprentice(horse racing) shortening of apprentice
jockey
apprentice jockey (horse racing) a junior jockey
in flat racing, entitled to ride but receiving tuition while working for a trainer
approach(golf) shortening of approach shot
approach shot(golf) a stroke by which a player
puts, or attempts to put, a ballonto the green;
(tennis) a long hitthat enables a player to move
up to the net
approach work(association football) a playthat
leads in the direction of the goal
apron(auto racing) in Indy carand NASCAR racing, the paved portion of the racetrack that separates the racing surface from the infield; (boxing) the part of a ring that extends beyond the
ropes; (golf) the part of the fairway immediately in front of the green
aquabatics(aquatics) a display of spectacular feats
in or on the water [blend of Latin aqua, “water,”
and acrobatics]
aquaboard(general) a boardfor riding on the surface of the water, as in surfing
aquabobbing(water skiing) a form of the sport using a vehicle like a tricycle but with skisinstead of
wheels [the vehicle bobs or bounces on the water]
aquacade(general) a display of swimmingor diving, usually accompanied by music [blend of
Latin aqua, “water,” and cavalcade]
aquadrome(general) a leisure facility for aquatic
pursuits [blend of Latin aqua, “water,” and hippodrome]
aquafit(aquatics) a type of aerobicsperformed in
water
aqualung(aquatics) a self-contained divingapparatus with a supply of compressed air, the latter
carried on the back
aquanaut(aquatics) another term for a skindiver
[blend of Latin aqua, “water,” and astronaut]
aquaplane(water skiing) another term for a wakeboard
aquarobics(aquatics) a system of exercises similar
to aerobics, carried out to music in chest-high
water [blend of Latin aqua, “water,” and aerobics]
aquatic art(swimming) a rare alternate name for
synchronized swimming
aquatics(sport) sports practiced on or in the water,
such as surfing, swimming, and water polo
Arabs(association football) nickname for supportersof the Scottish clubDundee United [said to
derive from the sand spread on the pitchin the
winter of 1963 to make it playable for the cup tie
against Albion Rovers]
Arc (horse racing) short name of the Prix de l’Arc
de Triomphe
anchor • Arc 8
arch(athletics) the curve of the body of an athlete
clearing the barin the high jump
archer(archery) a person who engages in archery
archer’s bow(association football) the posture of a
player making a dive, differing from a genuine
fall in that the perpetrator holds up both arms
with open palms, thrusts out his chest, and
bends his legs at the knee, suggesting the curve
of a bowheld by an archer
archery(sport) the art of using bowsto shoot arrowsat a target
archery darts(archery) a variety of the sport in
which the targethas the same arrangement as
the numbers on a dartboard
area(association football) shortening of penalty
area
arena(general) the area enclosed by seating in
which public sporting contests take place [Latin
arena, “sand,” from the part of an ancient amphitheater that was strewn with sand for combats]
Argentinian Grand Prix(auto racing) the Formula
One international Grand Prixheld on the circuit at Buenos Aires, Argentina
Argonauts(Canadian football) short name of the
Toronto Argonauts team
Argyle(association football) short name of the English clubPlymouth Argyle
arm(general) the ability to throw
arm ball(cricket) a deliveryby a spin bowlerthat
travels in the direction of the bowler’s arm, instead of deviating from it, as is more usual
arm throw(wrestling) a move in which the wrestler
throws his opponent over his shoulder while
holding him by the arm
arm wrestling(wrestling) a form of the sport in
which opponents sit facing each other at a table,
firmly plant opposite elbows on the table, lock
hands, and attempt to force each other’s arm
back and down to the surface
Armco(auto racing) proprietary name of the metal
crash barriers on a racetrackformerly used to
absorb the impact of cars and protect spectators
[acronym of American Rolling Mill Company,
the original manufacturers]
armguard(cricket) a form of protection worn on the
forearm by a batsmanfacing the bowler
armhold(wrestling) a holdon an opponent’s arm
armlock(wrestling) an armholdapplied to an opponent’s elbow to gain a submission
armstand(swimming) a handstandon the edge of
a diving board held briefly before the start of a
dive
around the horn(baseball) (of ) a double playin
which the ballis thrown from third baseto second baseto first base, putting out runnersat
the latter two [from the image of a ship rounding Cape Horn, South America]
arrow(archery) the thin pointed missile shot from
a bowto land on a target; (darts) colloquial term
for a dart; (tenpin bowling) one of several lines
marked on the lane to help guide the ballto the
pins
arrow-chucking(sport) colloquial term for darts
arrowman(darts) colloquial term for a player of
the game
art of self-defense (general) a term originally applied to boxingbut now to most of the martial
arts
Art Ross Trophy(ice hockey) the trophyawarded
to the top pointscorer at the end of the regular
National Hockey League season [first awarded
in 1948 in honor of Art Ross, manager and coach
of the Boston Bruins]
artificial fly(angling) a flythat imitates an insect,
larva, or small fish
artistic gymnastics(g ymnastics) the principal form
of the sport, performed on various pieces of apparatus, as distinct from rhythmic gymnastics
artistic swimming(swimming) another term for
synchronized swimming
A’s(baseball) nickname of the Oakland Athletics
team
ascender(mountaineering) a metal grip threaded
on a rope as an aid in climbing
ascham(archery) a tall cupboard for the storage of
bowsand arrows[named for Sir Roger Ascham
(1515–1568), author of Toxophilus(1545), the
first English treatise on the sport]
Ascot(horse racing) a flatand National Hunt racecoursenear Windsor, Berkshire, England, associated primarily with Royal Ascot
Ascot Gold Cup(horse racing) the most prestigious
raceat Royal Ascot, first run in 1807
Ashes(cricket) (1) a series of test matchesbetween
England and Australia; (2) the trophy awarded
to the winner of the series [the trophy is in the
form of a small urn, devised after the Australian
victory of 1882 as a supposed receptacle of the
“ashes” of English cricket but in reality said to
contain the burned remains of a bail]
ashitori(sumo) a move that brings one’s opponent
down by the leg [Japanese ashitori, “leg-hold”]
Asian Games (Olympics) regional gamesheld since
1951for competitors from Asian countries
assist(association football, ice hockey) a pass that
leads to the scoring of a goal; (baseball) a play
that makes it possible for a batter or runner to
be put out; (basketball) a passthat allows a basket to be scored; (lacrosse) the last passmade before a goalis scored
assistant referee(association football) one of the
two officials on either touchline who help the
refereeadjudicate the gameby using a flagto indicate offsides, throw-ins, and corner kicks
9 arch • assistant
association football(sport) a field game in which
two teams of 11players compete to kick or head
the ballinto the goalof the opposing side
[played according to the rules drawn up by the
Football Association]
astern(sailing) in or toward the sternof a vessel
astrodome(general) a covered stadium[originally
the name of the Houston Astros baseball team
at Houston, Texas, built in 1965]
Astros(baseball) short name of the Houston Astros
team
AstroTurf(general) proprietary name of an artificial
surface for sports pitchesserving as a substitute
for turf, with a woven, grasslike pile laid on a
rubber base [as installed at the Houston Astrodome]
asymmetric bars(g ymnastics) the apparatusused
by women for artistic gymnastics, consisting of
two parallel bars at different heights [so called
for distinction from the parallel barsused by
men]
at bat(baseball) the turn of a player to bat
atemi-waza(jujitsu) the striking techniques that
are one of the sport’s five basic elements [Japanese atemi, “blow,” and waza, “work”]
athlete(general) a person who takes part in athletics [from Greek athlon, “contest”]
athletics(general) (1) an overall term for sports involving contests of strength, speed, endurance, or
agility; (2) such sports as now divided into track
eventsand field events
attack(cycling) the sudden acceleration made by a
rider in an attempt to break away from another
rider or a group; (general) a collective term for
the players in attacking positions, as the forwardsin association football; (lacrosse) a collective term for the three players first home, second
home, and third homebetween the centerand
the opponents’ goal
attack line(volleyball) the line 3 meters from the
netthat marks the furthest point to which defending players can advance
attacker(general) a player whose role is mainly in
attacking
attend the flag(golf) to hold the flagwhile another player putts, removing it immediately after
the ballhas been struck
attitude(cricket) another term for the stanceof a
batsman
auction race(horse racing) a raceof horses bought
at public auction
audible(American football) a tactic or game plan
called out in coded form by the quarterbackat
the line of scrimmageto replace the playcalled
in the huddle(or to execute a play without a
huddle when time is short)
Augusta(golf) the golf course at the Georgia city
of the same name that is the home of the National Golf Club and host to the U.S. Masters
Auld Enemy(general) an English team from the
point of view of Scotland
Auld Mug(sailing) nickname of the trophy
awarded to the winner of the America’s Cup
Aunt Emma (croquet) colloquial term for an unenterprising player
Aunt Sally(cricket) colloquial term for a wicketkeeper[the bowler “aims” the ballat the wicketkeeper in the same way that balls at a fairground are aimed to smash the pipe of the
wooden figure known as an Aunt Sally]
Aussie Rules(sport) colloquial name for Australian
Rules
Aussies(general) colloquial term for an Australian
sports team [abbreviation of Australian]
Austerity Games (Olympics) nickname of the
Olympic Gamesheld in London in 1948, when
resources were still in short supply after World
War II
Australian crawl(swimming) a fast crawloriginating in Australia
Australian Football League(Australian Rules) the
main governing body for the sport
Australian Grand Prix(auto racing) the Formula
One international Grand Prixheld on the circuit at Adelaide or Melbourne, Australia
Australian National Football(sport) the formal
name of Australian Rules
Australian Open(tennis) the major championship
that is the first grand slamcompetition of the
year, held at Flinders Park, Melbourne, Australia
Australian Rules(sport) an Australian version of
rugby unionplayed with an oval ballbetween
teams of 18 players, with pointsscored for goals
and behinds [played according to rules determined by the Australian National Football
Council]
Austrian Grand Prix(auto racing) the Formula
One international Grand Prixheld on the circuit at the A1Ring, Spielberg, Austria
auto racing(sport) the racing of finely-tuned cars
around a prepared or designated circuit
autobus(cycling) colloquial term for a group of
lagging riders who stick together to help each
other finish inside the time limit for a stage
[French autobus, “bus”]
autocross(auto racing) a form of auto racing
across country or on an unmade track[French
auto, “car,” and cross-country]
automobile racing (sport) the formal name of auto
racing
autopoint(auto racing) a raceover rough country
in motor vehicles [the motorized equivalent of
a point-to-point]
autres, lessee under les
association • autopoint 10
autumn double(horse racing) a beton the Cambridgeshireand Cesarewitch, both handicap
racesrun in the autumn
Autumn Spectacular(golf) colloquial name for
the World Matchplay Championship
Avalanche(ice hockey) short name of the Colorado
Avalanche team
avalement(skiing) the technique of bending then
extending the legs to lessen the jolts experienced
when traveling over uneven terrain [French
avaler, “to lower”]
average(baseball) shortening of batting average;
(cricket) (1) shortening of batting average; (2)
shortening of bowling average
awasewaza(judo) an ipponmade by scoring two
waza-ari [Japanese awase, “combine,” and waza,
“work”]
away(association football) in football pools, a
matchwon by a team playing on the groundof
their opponents; (general) (1) not on one’s home
ground; (2) on the outward half of a race; (golf)
(of ) a player who is furthest from the hole
away game(general) a matchplayed on the opponents’ ground
away swing(cricket) a movement of the ballfrom
the leg sideto the off side
axel(ice skating) a jumpfrom the forward outside
edgeof one skateto the back outside edge of
the other, incorporating one and a half turns in
the air [introduced by the Norwegian skater Axel
Paulsen (1855–1938)]
axel lift(ice skating) in pair skating, the liftof a
woman by her partner in which she is raised on
the first element of an axel, supported and
turned one and a half times over the man’s head,
then lowered on the second element
Ayr(horse racing) a flatand National Hunt racecourseat Ayr, southwestern Scotland
This new dictionary give the definitions of more than 8,000 terms used in sports and games. The coverage ranges alphabetically from aikido to yachting and includes all well-known sports .
THE DICTIONARY :
AAA (athletics) abbreviation ofAmateur Athletic
Association
abaft(sailing) behind the boat
A-bars(g ymnastics) short form of asymmetric bars
aboard(baseball) another term for on base; (equestrianism, horse racing) another term for on board
abseil(mountaineering) the descent of a rock face
on a fixed rope using braking and sliding mechanisms [German Abseil, from ab, “down,” and
Seil, “rope”]
abseiling(mountaineering) the descending of a rock
face by means of an abseil
Abu Dhabi Grand Prix (auto racing) the Formula
One international Grand Prixheld on the Yas
Marina circuit, Abu Dhabi
academy(equestrianism) a riding school
acceptor(horse racing) a horse that has its entry for
a raceconfirmed
Accies(association football) nickname of the Scottish clubHamilton Academicals
accumulator(horse racing) a beton four or more
races, with the stake and winnings from each
race laid on the next race, so that the puntereither wins handsomely or loses everything
accuracy jumping(parachuting) a jump made
with the aim of landing on or near the center of
a targetlaid out below
ace(baseball) a team’s best starting pitcher; (golf)
a hole in one; (squash, tennis) a servethat the receivercannot touch
acey-deucey(horse racing) colloquial term for a
riderwho sets his stirrups at different lengths
[said to derive from AC/DC, “alternating current/direct current”]
acro(skiing) a form of aerial[abbreviation of acrobatic]
acrobat(g ymnastics) a performer of acrobatics
acrobatics(g ymnastics) a routineof gymnastic
feats
across the board(horse racing) (of ) a betthat covers all possible results in a race, whether a win,
a placeor a show[the board is the noticeboard
on which the races and oddsare listed]
across the flat(horse racing) flat racingunder
Jockey Clubrules, as distinct from over the
sticks
acting half-back(rugby league) the player, often
the hooker, who picks the ballup after a playthe-ball
action!(wrestling) the command by the refereeto
start wrestling
action replay(general) an instant televised repeat
of an important or disputed incident in a match,
as a goalin association footballor a catchin
cricket
ad court(tennis) short form of advantage court
adaptive rowing (rowing) rowingor scullingin
boats that have been adapted for people with
physical limitations or disabilities
added money(horse racing) extra money added to
the basic stakesawarded to the winner
added time(general) time added to the normal
length of time for a match, as injury time in
association football
Addicks(association football) nickname of the English clubCharlton Athletic [corruption of Athletic]
additional assistant referee(association football)
one of two extra assistant referees behind each
goalwho help the refereewith decisions relating to the goal line, set pieces, and play in the
penalty area
address the ball(golf) to take up a stancein order
to strike the ball
Admiral’s Cup(sailing) a biennial series of racesoff
the south coast of England for national teams of
three boats each, culminating in the Fastnet
Cup[established in 1957 by the Royal Ocean
Racing Club, whose admiral presents the trophy]
adolph(trampolining) a forward somersault with
three and a half twists [so called for its similarity to a rudolph]
advantage(rugby league) a period of time allowed
by the referee after an infringement to determine whether to award the opposing team a
penaltyor to allow play to continue; (rugby
union) a period of time allowed by the referee
after an infringement to determine whether to
award the opposing team a penalty, free kick,
orscrumor to allow play to continue; (tennis)
the first pointafter deuce
advantage court(tennis) the left side of the court,
from which the serve is made and received at
odd-numbered points
advantage rule(general) a rule under which an
infringement and its penaltyare overlooked if
this is to the advantage of the non-offending
team
adventure racing(general) a long and arduous
racebetween individuals or teams over an open,
varied course, typically including a mountain or
river, with progress made either on foot (or by
swimming) or by a form of transport, as by bicycle, by boat, or on horseback
adventure sport(general) a sport played not in an
enclosed area such as a fieldbut pursued in an
open, natural environment such as water, snow,
or air and potentially hazardous, so embracing all
extreme sportsand even such conventional
sports as sailingand skiing
aerial(g ymnastics) (of ) a maneuver in which a
complete turn is made in the air without touching the apparatus; (skateboarding) a trick performed in mid-flight, usually by launching the
boardoff a ramp; (skiing) a maneuver such as
an acro carried out in mid-air
aerial contact(general) a contact in midair between two players, as in a flying tackle
aerial ping-pong (sport) colloquial term for Australian Rules, where the frequent exchanges of
high kicks in the air suggest the game of pingpong
aerialist(skiing) a skier who performs gymnastic
maneuvers in midair
aero bars(cycling) extensions fixed to the handlebars of a time-trial bikeor track bikethat allow
the riderto lean further forward and so adopt an
improved aerodynamic position
aerobics(g ymnastics) a system of rapid and strenuous exercises designed to increase fitness and
improve bodyshape [term coined in 1968 by U.S.
physician Kenneth H. Cooper, from aerobic, “requiring oxygen,” with plural -sas in gymnastics]
aet(general) abbreviation of after extra time
AFC(American football) abbreviation ofAmerican
Football Conference
AFL(American football) abbreviation of American Football League; (Australian Rules) abbreviation of Australian Football League
African Games(Olympics) regional gamesheld
since 1965 for competitors from African countries
aft(sailing) at or toward the rear of a boat
after extra time(general) (of ) a scorewhen extra
timehas been added to the regular time
against the darts(darts) (of ) a winscored even
though the opposing player had the advantage
of throwing first
against the head(rugby union) (of ) gaining the
possessionof the ballfrom a scrumto which the
opposing team had the advantage of the put-in
agricultural(cricket) (of ) a hefty or lofty stroke,
as typically occurs in village cricket
aid(equestrianism) a prompt of the hands or legs
that the rider gives a horse to make it turn,
change gait, or the like
aid climbing (mountaineering) climbingwith the
assistance of special equipment such as cramponsand ice axes
aikido(sport) a Japanese martial artthat uses
specified movesand throws[Japanese ai, “harmony,” ki, “breath,” and do, “way”]
aikidoka(aikido) a practitioner of aikido
aiming mark(shooting) the center spot of a target
Aintree(horse racing) the racecourseat Liverpool,
England, where the Grand Nationalis run
air(basketball) the distance between the ground
and a player’s feet when shootingor jumping
for the ball; (equestrianism) a staged or rehearsed
movement in haute école; (snowboarding,
surfing) an airborne maneuver
air gun(shooting) a rifle or pistol firing lead pellets
by means of compressed air
air hostess(cricket) colloquial term for a ballhit
particularly high [as if able to bring down an air
hostess in an airplane]
air pistol(shooting) a pistolfiring lead pellets by
means of compressed air
air rifle(shooting) a riflefiring lead pellets by means
of compressed air
air shot(general) a strokethat fails to connect
with the ball, as typically in cricketor golf
air sports(general) a category of adventure sports,
including, among others, glidingand parachuting
airborne soccer(sport) a gamesimilar to association football in which a Frisbee is substituted for
the ball
airborne throw(netball) a throwmade when a
player is in the air
albatross(golf) a scoreof three strokesunder par
on a hole [as a “bird” greater and more impressive than an eagle]
Albiceleste(association football) nickname of the
Argentine national team [blend of Spanish albar,
“white,” and celeste, “sky blue,” the colors of the
stripes on the players’ shirts]
Albion(archery) a round of 36 arrowseach for
men and women at 80, 60, and 50yds (73m,
advantage • Albion 6
55m, and 46m); (association football) (1) short
name of the Scottish clubStirling Albion; (2)
short name of the English club West Bromwich
Albion
alder(angling) an artificial flythat resembles the
alder fly
all–American (American football) a college footballplayer in a team made up of the best such
players at each position
all-around(g ymnastics) a competition in which
the highest scorefrom all eventsis combined to
give an overall champion
All Blacks(rugby union) nickname of the New
Zealand international team [so dubbed for their
dark stripby British journalists at the start of
their tourof Britain in 1905]
all-in wrestling (wrestling) a form of the sport with
few restrictions on the permitted holds
All-Ireland(Gaelic football, hurling) (of ) a final
between teams with players drawn from both
the Republic of Ireland and Northern Ireland
all-play-all(general) another term for a round
robin
all-pro(American football) a professional player selected to play in the Pro Bowlas one of the best
in his position
all-rounder(cricket) a player who is equally competent as batsmanand bowler
all-seater stadium(general) a stadiumwith no
accommodation for standing spectators
all-star(baseball) a player selected to represent his
leaguein an All-Star game
All-Star game(baseball) an annual matchbetween
teams selected from the best players in the National Leagueand the American League
all-ticket match(general) a matchfor which spectators must obtain tickets in advance
all-weather(horse racing) (of ) a racecoursewith a
synthetic surface that allows racing to take place
in any weather
All Whites(association football) nickname of the
New Zealand national team [the color of the
team’s strip]
alley(baseball) a section of the outfieldbetween
two fielders; (bowls) the long narrow enclosure
where indoor bowlsare played; (skittles) the area
where the gameis played; (tennis) the space between the tramlinesat the side of the court;
(tenpin bowling) the long narrow enclosure where
the gameis played
alley-oop (basketball) a maneuver in which the
ballis thrown up high so that another player
running toward the basketcan catch it in midair
and score; (skateboarding, snowboarding) a spin
made in the opposite direction to that in which
the boarder is traveling [probably Frenchallez!,
“go!” and a supposed French pronunciation of
up, influenced by Alley Oop, a character created
by U.S. cartoonist V.T. Hamlin in the 1930s]
allez!(fencing) the command given by the referee
to start fencing [French allez!, “go!”]
Allianz Arena (general) a leading sports stadium
in Munich, Germany
allowance(horse racing) a deduction from the
weightthat a horse carries
Alpine skiing(skiing) a competitive form of the
sport involving downhilland slalom events
[originating in countries where the Alps form
part of the territory, as France and Switzerland]
also-ran(horse racing) a horse that ran a racebut
did not finish with a place
amateur(general) a person who takes part in sport
for pleasure, as distinct from a paid professional
Amateur Athletic Association(athletics) the
British national governing organization for athletics, founded in 1880
amble(equestrianism) a horse’s leisurely gaitin
which the legs on one side are lifted alternately
with those on the other side
American bowls (bowling) another name for tenpin bowling
American football(sport) a form of footballplayed
with an oval ballbetween teams of 11 players, pointsbeing scored for touchdownsand
goals
American Football Conference(American football) one of the two conferencesinto which the
National Football League was divided in 1969,
the other being the National Football Conference
American Football League(American football) the
professional football organization formed in
1959 to rival the National Football Leagueand
merging with the latter in 1970
American League(baseball) one of the two most
prestigious North American professional leagues,
formed in 1901to rival the National League
American tournament(general) another term for
a round robin
America’s Cup (sailing) the cupawarded to the
winner of an international series of racesheld
approximately every four years between one defending vessel and one challenging vessel [first
awarded by the Royal Yacht Squadron in 1851to
the U.S. schooner America, winner of a race
around the Isle of Wight]
amidships(sailing) in or toward the middle of the
boat
amplitude(snowboarding) the height of a jumpor
trick
anabolic steroids (general) a drug that increases
muscle size, illegally taken by some athletesor
administered to racehorses
Anaheim Stadium(baseball) the California stadium
7 alder • Anaheim
that is the home groundof the Anaheim Angels team
anchor(athletics) the contestant who runs the anchor leg; (cricket) a batsmanwho can be relied
on not to take risks; (tenpin bowling) the last
bowlerfor the team, and generally the best; (tug
of war) the person at the end of the rope, who
“digs in” to steady those in front
anchor cannon (billiards) a strokein which the
two object ballsare kept close to the cushionso
that a series of cannonscan be made without
disturbing their position
anchor leg(athletics) the final stageof a relay race
anchorman(general) another name for an anchor
Anfield(association football) the home groundof
the English clubLiverpool
Angels(baseball) short name of the Anaheim Angels team
angle(snooker) to position the cue ballso close to
the corner of the cushionthat it is difficult to
hit it in a straight line toward the object ball;
(squash) a shotthat hits one of the side walls,
then the front wall, before bouncing
angle of split(croquet) the angle at which the balls
diverge in a split croquet shot
angled shot(table tennis) a sharp strokethat sends
the ballaway at an angle
angler(angling) formal term for a person who fishes
angling(sport) the formal name for the sport or
pastime of catching fish
angulate(skiing) to bend the body, or part of the
body, away from the slope in order to maintain
balance
ankle lace(wrestling) a holdin which a wrestler
traps his opponent by the ankles, so that his back
is to the mat
Annie’s room(darts) a scoreof double one [from
the World War I phrase “up in Annie’s room” as
a dismissive reply to a query regarding the
whereabouts of a person or thing, the number 1
being at the top of the dartboard]
AN Other(general) a name inserted in a list of
team members to represent a player yet to be announced [anotherspelled as if a personal name]
ante-post(horse racing) a betplaced before the day
of the race[before (ante) the runners have their
numbers posted]
apex(auto racing) the center point of a corner
apparatus(g ymnastics) the equipment, or piece of
equipment, on which a gymnastperforms
appeal(cricket) a request from a fielderto the umpireto establish whether the batsmanis outor
not
appearance money(general) a fee paid to a famous player or performer to ensure his presence
at a sporting event and so draw paying spectators
appel(fencing) (1) a stamp of the front footin a
feint; (2) a sharp blow with the épée, also as a
feint [French appel, “challenge”]
apprentice(horse racing) shortening of apprentice
jockey
apprentice jockey (horse racing) a junior jockey
in flat racing, entitled to ride but receiving tuition while working for a trainer
approach(golf) shortening of approach shot
approach shot(golf) a stroke by which a player
puts, or attempts to put, a ballonto the green;
(tennis) a long hitthat enables a player to move
up to the net
approach work(association football) a playthat
leads in the direction of the goal
apron(auto racing) in Indy carand NASCAR racing, the paved portion of the racetrack that separates the racing surface from the infield; (boxing) the part of a ring that extends beyond the
ropes; (golf) the part of the fairway immediately in front of the green
aquabatics(aquatics) a display of spectacular feats
in or on the water [blend of Latin aqua, “water,”
and acrobatics]
aquaboard(general) a boardfor riding on the surface of the water, as in surfing
aquabobbing(water skiing) a form of the sport using a vehicle like a tricycle but with skisinstead of
wheels [the vehicle bobs or bounces on the water]
aquacade(general) a display of swimmingor diving, usually accompanied by music [blend of
Latin aqua, “water,” and cavalcade]
aquadrome(general) a leisure facility for aquatic
pursuits [blend of Latin aqua, “water,” and hippodrome]
aquafit(aquatics) a type of aerobicsperformed in
water
aqualung(aquatics) a self-contained divingapparatus with a supply of compressed air, the latter
carried on the back
aquanaut(aquatics) another term for a skindiver
[blend of Latin aqua, “water,” and astronaut]
aquaplane(water skiing) another term for a wakeboard
aquarobics(aquatics) a system of exercises similar
to aerobics, carried out to music in chest-high
water [blend of Latin aqua, “water,” and aerobics]
aquatic art(swimming) a rare alternate name for
synchronized swimming
aquatics(sport) sports practiced on or in the water,
such as surfing, swimming, and water polo
Arabs(association football) nickname for supportersof the Scottish clubDundee United [said to
derive from the sand spread on the pitchin the
winter of 1963 to make it playable for the cup tie
against Albion Rovers]
Arc (horse racing) short name of the Prix de l’Arc
de Triomphe
anchor • Arc 8
arch(athletics) the curve of the body of an athlete
clearing the barin the high jump
archer(archery) a person who engages in archery
archer’s bow(association football) the posture of a
player making a dive, differing from a genuine
fall in that the perpetrator holds up both arms
with open palms, thrusts out his chest, and
bends his legs at the knee, suggesting the curve
of a bowheld by an archer
archery(sport) the art of using bowsto shoot arrowsat a target
archery darts(archery) a variety of the sport in
which the targethas the same arrangement as
the numbers on a dartboard
area(association football) shortening of penalty
area
arena(general) the area enclosed by seating in
which public sporting contests take place [Latin
arena, “sand,” from the part of an ancient amphitheater that was strewn with sand for combats]
Argentinian Grand Prix(auto racing) the Formula
One international Grand Prixheld on the circuit at Buenos Aires, Argentina
Argonauts(Canadian football) short name of the
Toronto Argonauts team
Argyle(association football) short name of the English clubPlymouth Argyle
arm(general) the ability to throw
arm ball(cricket) a deliveryby a spin bowlerthat
travels in the direction of the bowler’s arm, instead of deviating from it, as is more usual
arm throw(wrestling) a move in which the wrestler
throws his opponent over his shoulder while
holding him by the arm
arm wrestling(wrestling) a form of the sport in
which opponents sit facing each other at a table,
firmly plant opposite elbows on the table, lock
hands, and attempt to force each other’s arm
back and down to the surface
Armco(auto racing) proprietary name of the metal
crash barriers on a racetrackformerly used to
absorb the impact of cars and protect spectators
[acronym of American Rolling Mill Company,
the original manufacturers]
armguard(cricket) a form of protection worn on the
forearm by a batsmanfacing the bowler
armhold(wrestling) a holdon an opponent’s arm
armlock(wrestling) an armholdapplied to an opponent’s elbow to gain a submission
armstand(swimming) a handstandon the edge of
a diving board held briefly before the start of a
dive
around the horn(baseball) (of ) a double playin
which the ballis thrown from third baseto second baseto first base, putting out runnersat
the latter two [from the image of a ship rounding Cape Horn, South America]
arrow(archery) the thin pointed missile shot from
a bowto land on a target; (darts) colloquial term
for a dart; (tenpin bowling) one of several lines
marked on the lane to help guide the ballto the
pins
arrow-chucking(sport) colloquial term for darts
arrowman(darts) colloquial term for a player of
the game
art of self-defense (general) a term originally applied to boxingbut now to most of the martial
arts
Art Ross Trophy(ice hockey) the trophyawarded
to the top pointscorer at the end of the regular
National Hockey League season [first awarded
in 1948 in honor of Art Ross, manager and coach
of the Boston Bruins]
artificial fly(angling) a flythat imitates an insect,
larva, or small fish
artistic gymnastics(g ymnastics) the principal form
of the sport, performed on various pieces of apparatus, as distinct from rhythmic gymnastics
artistic swimming(swimming) another term for
synchronized swimming
A’s(baseball) nickname of the Oakland Athletics
team
ascender(mountaineering) a metal grip threaded
on a rope as an aid in climbing
ascham(archery) a tall cupboard for the storage of
bowsand arrows[named for Sir Roger Ascham
(1515–1568), author of Toxophilus(1545), the
first English treatise on the sport]
Ascot(horse racing) a flatand National Hunt racecoursenear Windsor, Berkshire, England, associated primarily with Royal Ascot
Ascot Gold Cup(horse racing) the most prestigious
raceat Royal Ascot, first run in 1807
Ashes(cricket) (1) a series of test matchesbetween
England and Australia; (2) the trophy awarded
to the winner of the series [the trophy is in the
form of a small urn, devised after the Australian
victory of 1882 as a supposed receptacle of the
“ashes” of English cricket but in reality said to
contain the burned remains of a bail]
ashitori(sumo) a move that brings one’s opponent
down by the leg [Japanese ashitori, “leg-hold”]
Asian Games (Olympics) regional gamesheld since
1951for competitors from Asian countries
assist(association football, ice hockey) a pass that
leads to the scoring of a goal; (baseball) a play
that makes it possible for a batter or runner to
be put out; (basketball) a passthat allows a basket to be scored; (lacrosse) the last passmade before a goalis scored
assistant referee(association football) one of the
two officials on either touchline who help the
refereeadjudicate the gameby using a flagto indicate offsides, throw-ins, and corner kicks
9 arch • assistant
association football(sport) a field game in which
two teams of 11players compete to kick or head
the ballinto the goalof the opposing side
[played according to the rules drawn up by the
Football Association]
astern(sailing) in or toward the sternof a vessel
astrodome(general) a covered stadium[originally
the name of the Houston Astros baseball team
at Houston, Texas, built in 1965]
Astros(baseball) short name of the Houston Astros
team
AstroTurf(general) proprietary name of an artificial
surface for sports pitchesserving as a substitute
for turf, with a woven, grasslike pile laid on a
rubber base [as installed at the Houston Astrodome]
asymmetric bars(g ymnastics) the apparatusused
by women for artistic gymnastics, consisting of
two parallel bars at different heights [so called
for distinction from the parallel barsused by
men]
at bat(baseball) the turn of a player to bat
atemi-waza(jujitsu) the striking techniques that
are one of the sport’s five basic elements [Japanese atemi, “blow,” and waza, “work”]
athlete(general) a person who takes part in athletics [from Greek athlon, “contest”]
athletics(general) (1) an overall term for sports involving contests of strength, speed, endurance, or
agility; (2) such sports as now divided into track
eventsand field events
attack(cycling) the sudden acceleration made by a
rider in an attempt to break away from another
rider or a group; (general) a collective term for
the players in attacking positions, as the forwardsin association football; (lacrosse) a collective term for the three players first home, second
home, and third homebetween the centerand
the opponents’ goal
attack line(volleyball) the line 3 meters from the
netthat marks the furthest point to which defending players can advance
attacker(general) a player whose role is mainly in
attacking
attend the flag(golf) to hold the flagwhile another player putts, removing it immediately after
the ballhas been struck
attitude(cricket) another term for the stanceof a
batsman
auction race(horse racing) a raceof horses bought
at public auction
audible(American football) a tactic or game plan
called out in coded form by the quarterbackat
the line of scrimmageto replace the playcalled
in the huddle(or to execute a play without a
huddle when time is short)
Augusta(golf) the golf course at the Georgia city
of the same name that is the home of the National Golf Club and host to the U.S. Masters
Auld Enemy(general) an English team from the
point of view of Scotland
Auld Mug(sailing) nickname of the trophy
awarded to the winner of the America’s Cup
Aunt Emma (croquet) colloquial term for an unenterprising player
Aunt Sally(cricket) colloquial term for a wicketkeeper[the bowler “aims” the ballat the wicketkeeper in the same way that balls at a fairground are aimed to smash the pipe of the
wooden figure known as an Aunt Sally]
Aussie Rules(sport) colloquial name for Australian
Rules
Aussies(general) colloquial term for an Australian
sports team [abbreviation of Australian]
Austerity Games (Olympics) nickname of the
Olympic Gamesheld in London in 1948, when
resources were still in short supply after World
War II
Australian crawl(swimming) a fast crawloriginating in Australia
Australian Football League(Australian Rules) the
main governing body for the sport
Australian Grand Prix(auto racing) the Formula
One international Grand Prixheld on the circuit at Adelaide or Melbourne, Australia
Australian National Football(sport) the formal
name of Australian Rules
Australian Open(tennis) the major championship
that is the first grand slamcompetition of the
year, held at Flinders Park, Melbourne, Australia
Australian Rules(sport) an Australian version of
rugby unionplayed with an oval ballbetween
teams of 18 players, with pointsscored for goals
and behinds [played according to rules determined by the Australian National Football
Council]
Austrian Grand Prix(auto racing) the Formula
One international Grand Prixheld on the circuit at the A1Ring, Spielberg, Austria
auto racing(sport) the racing of finely-tuned cars
around a prepared or designated circuit
autobus(cycling) colloquial term for a group of
lagging riders who stick together to help each
other finish inside the time limit for a stage
[French autobus, “bus”]
autocross(auto racing) a form of auto racing
across country or on an unmade track[French
auto, “car,” and cross-country]
automobile racing (sport) the formal name of auto
racing
autopoint(auto racing) a raceover rough country
in motor vehicles [the motorized equivalent of
a point-to-point]
autres, lessee under les
association • autopoint 10
autumn double(horse racing) a beton the Cambridgeshireand Cesarewitch, both handicap
racesrun in the autumn
Autumn Spectacular(golf) colloquial name for
the World Matchplay Championship
Avalanche(ice hockey) short name of the Colorado
Avalanche team
avalement(skiing) the technique of bending then
extending the legs to lessen the jolts experienced
when traveling over uneven terrain [French
avaler, “to lower”]
average(baseball) shortening of batting average;
(cricket) (1) shortening of batting average; (2)
shortening of bowling average
awasewaza(judo) an ipponmade by scoring two
waza-ari [Japanese awase, “combine,” and waza,
“work”]
away(association football) in football pools, a
matchwon by a team playing on the groundof
their opponents; (general) (1) not on one’s home
ground; (2) on the outward half of a race; (golf)
(of ) a player who is furthest from the hole
away game(general) a matchplayed on the opponents’ ground
away swing(cricket) a movement of the ballfrom
the leg sideto the off side
axel(ice skating) a jumpfrom the forward outside
edgeof one skateto the back outside edge of
the other, incorporating one and a half turns in
the air [introduced by the Norwegian skater Axel
Paulsen (1855–1938)]
axel lift(ice skating) in pair skating, the liftof a
woman by her partner in which she is raised on
the first element of an axel, supported and
turned one and a half times over the man’s head,
then lowered on the second element
Ayr(horse racing) a flatand National Hunt racecourseat Ayr, southwestern Scotland
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