I-formation(American football) an offensive formation in which two backsline up behind the
hop • I-formation 76
quarterback[the formation is I-shaped, perpendicular to the line of scrimmage]
ICC(cricket) abbreviation of International Cricket
Council
ice ax(mountaineering) an ax used by climbers to
cut footholds in ice or compacted snow
ice dance (ice skating) an alternate term for ice
dancing
ice dancing (ice skating) a form of ice skating
based on the movements of ballroom dancing
ice diving(aquatics) scubadiving below the surface of frozen water
ice hockey (sport) an evolution of field hockey,
played between teams of six on a rink, in which
players equipped with skatesand stickstry to
send a puckinto the goalof their opponents
ice rink(ice hockey, ice skating) a rinkwith a prepared layer of ice
ice skates(ice hockey, ice skating) skatesmounted
on bladesfor moving over ice
ice skating (sport) a sport in which competitors,
either singly or in pairs, execute figureson a rink
ice the puck(ice hockey) to shoot the puckfrom a
team’s own side of the red lineto beyond the
opposing team’s goal line, as a result of which
play is stopped and a face-offtakes place in the
offending team’s zone on the face-off spot nearest to where they last touched the puck
ice track(ice skating) a frozen track used in speed
skating
ice yacht(sailing) a lightly built boat with runners
and a sail, used in ice yachting
ice yachting(sailing) the sport of traveling over ice
in an ice yacht
icing (ice hockey) the action of a player who ices
the puck
Iditarod Race(sled dog racing) an annual dogsled
race run from Anchorage to Nome, Alaska
[named for the village on the historic trail followed by the race]
IM(swimming) abbreviation of individual medley
impost(horse racing) the weightcarried by a horse
in a handicap
Imps(association football) nickname of the English
clubLincoln City [from the “Lincoln Imp,” a
grotesque carving of a gnome-like figure in the
city’s cathedral]
in chancery(boxing, wrestling) (of ) a combatant’s
head held under his opponent’s arm
in front(general) ahead in scoring
in-goal (rugby league, rugby union) the area between the goal lineand the dead-ball line, in
which a trymay be scored
in hand(billiards) (of ) a ballthat has to be played
from the D; (croquet) (of ) a ballafter a roquet
has been made and until croquethas been taken
in-lap(auto racing) the lapmade before a pit stop
in-off(billiards, snooker) a stroke, also known as a
losing hazard, in which a player’s own ballgoes
into a pocketafter striking another ball
in the hole (baseball) (of ) a batter due to bat in
two places after the current batter
in the money (horse racing) among the winners,
whether as runnersor bettors
Ina Bauer (ice skating) a move similar to a spread
eaglebut executed with one knee bent and the
other leg stretched out behind [invented by the
German skater Ina Bauer (1941–)]
inbounds (general) the central, usually markedout area of a fieldor court
incomplete(American football) (of ) a passthat is
not caught by a receiver
Indian dribble(field hockey) a dribbletechnique
in which a player drives the ballrepeatedly from
right to left and left to right while moving over
the pitch [introduced by the national team of
India at the 1956 Olympics]
Indian wrestling(wrestling) (1) a form of the sport
in which opponents lie on their backs side by
side, head to toe, interlock one arm and leg, and
attempt to force each other’s leg down; (2) a
form of the sport in which opponents stand face
to face, interlock one arm, brace the outsides of
corresponding feet against each other, and attempt to unbalance each other; (3) another term
for arm wrestling
Indianapolis 500(auto racing) a raceof 500 miles
(200 laps) held annually since 1911at the Indianapolis Motor Speedway, Indiana
Indians(baseball) short name of the Cleveland Indians team
indicator board (association football) the electronic
number board held up by the fourth officialto
indicate the amount of added timeto be played
or the identity of a substitute
indirect free kick(association football) a free kick,
awarded after a foul, from which a goalcannot
be scored unless the ballis touched by another
player first (as distinct from a direct free kick)
individual medley (swimming) a medleyraced between individual swimmers
individual pursuit(cycling) a track race ridden by
two ridershead-to-head
indoor bowls(bowls) a form of the gameplayed indoors on a carpetwith a single rink
indoor cricket(cricket) a form of the sport adapted
for play indoors
indoor football(association football) a form of the
gameplayed indoors, usually as five-a-side
indoor hockey (field hockey) a form of the game
adapted for play indoors, with up to seven players a side
indoor target archery (archery) a form of target
archerystaged indoors
77 ICC • indoor target
indoor volleyball (volleyball) the original indoor
form of the sport, as distinct from beach volleyball
Indy car(auto racing) the low-slung, fenderless
(open-wheel) racecarthat competes in the Indianapolis 500
Indy 500 (auto racing) colloquial name of the Indianapolis 500
infield(auto racing, horse racing) the area enclosed
by the racetrack; (baseball) the area enclosed
within the baselines; (cricket) the part of the
fieldnear the wicket
infielder (baseball) any player positioned around
the infield
infighting(boxing) engaging at very close quarters,
so that it is impossible to throw full-length
punches
injury time (association football) stoppage time
that is added on to the regulation 90 minutes of
a match to make up for time lost because of injuries
inline skates (roller skating) another term for
rollerblades
inner(archery, shooting) the part of the targetnext
to the bull
inning(baseball) a turn at battingfor each team
innings(cricket) a turn at battingfor a batsmanor
for a whole team
inquiry(horse racing) shortening of stewards’ inquiry
inrun (skiing) the portion of a ski jumpduring
which the skier travels down the ramp
inside center (rugby union) the centerwho plays
between the fly halfand the outside center
inside edge (cricket) a deflection of the ballfrom
the inner edge of the bat; (ice skating) the inner
of the two edges of the bladeof a skate
inside left (association football, field hockey) an attacking position on the left side toward the center of the field
inside right(association football, field hockey) an attacking position on the right side toward the
center of the field
inside-the-park home run(baseball) a home run
scored without the ballgoing beyond the field of
play
inside track (general) the inner trackof a racetrackor racecourse, which is shorter because of
a curve and therefore advantageous
inspection (horse racing) an examination of the
course by stewardsbefore a raceor meeting
when racingis in doubt because of bad weather
instant replay (general) another term for an action reply
insurance(general) a tactical or strategic form of
play that enables a team to build up an unbeatable or unmatchable lead
inswinger(association football) a ballkicked so as
to swing in toward the goalor the center of the
pitch; (cricket) a ballbowled so as to swerve
from offto leg
intentional grounding(American football) the offenseof deliberately throwing the ballto a place
where it cannot be caught in order to avoid being
sacked
Inter(association football) short name of the Italian clubInter Milan
Intercalated Games (Olympics) the special
Olympic Gamesheld in Athens in 1906 to commemorate the 10th anniversary of the birth of
the modern Games [they were intercalated, or
inserted in the calendar, between the quadrennial 1904 and 1908 Games]
interception(American football) a passthrown by
the quarterbackthat is caught by a member of
the defense
interchange (Australian Rules, rugby league) another term for a substitute
intercollegiate football (American football) another term for college football
intermediates(auto racing) tires used in changeable
weather, having more grooves and tread than
dry-weather tires but fewer than wets
international(general) (1) (of ) a contest between
teams of different countries; (2) a participant in
such a contest
International Cricket Council(cricket) the governing body of the world game, with headquarters at Lord’s, founded in 1909 as the Imperial
Cricket Conference and until 1993 administered
by the MCC
International Olympic Committee(Olympics) the
body that administers the modern Olympic
Games, set up in 1894 and comprising representatives of national Olympic associations from all
of the member countries
interstate(baseball) a batting averagebelow 100
[all U.S. interstate highways have two-digit
numbers]
interval running (athletics) another term for interval training
interval training(athletics) alternate fast and slow
running at timed intervals in a single session,
carried out as training for marathonsand other
long-distance races
intervarsity (general) (of ) a gameor matchbetween universities, especially Oxford and Cambridge
inverted cross(g ymnastics) a holding move on the
ringsin a handstandposition, with the arms
stretched out perpendicular to the body
invitational(general) a matchor contest open only
to those invited
inward(swimming) a divein which the diverstarts
indoor volleyball • inward 78
with his back to the water and continues with a
rotation toward the board
inwick (curling) a wickin which the stoneslides
close to the tee
IOC (Olympics) abbreviation of International
Olympic Committee
ippon (judo, karate) a winning score of one full
point, awarded for a perfectly executed throwor
hold[Japanese ip(from ichi), “one,” and pon, a
numerical counter for something long, as a staff
or sword]
Irish(rugby union) short name of the English club
London Irish
Irish Derby(horse racing) an annual racerun at
the Curraghsince 1866 [named for the English
Derby]
Irish Grand National (horse racing) an annual race
run at Fairyhousesince 1870 [named for the
English Grand National]
Irish whip(wrestling) a one-handed throwin which
the arm is whipped back and forth forcing the
opponent to execute an aerial somersault
iron(golf) a clubwith a thin metal head, used for
shorter shotsthan a wood
Iron(association football) nickname of the English
clubScunthorpe United [from the town’s iron
and steel industry]
iron man (athletics) a powerful athlete
Ironman(general) a test of endurance in the form
of a triathlonat a surfcarnival, held in Hawaii
since 1978 and comprising a swim in the sea of 2.4
miles (3.9km), a cycle raceof 112 miles (180km)
around the island of Oahu, and a marathon
ironmongery(mountaineering) colloquial term for
all the metal tools and equipment used for climbing, such as ice axes, crampons, and pitons
irons(horse racing) colloquial term for stirrups
Irons(association football) occasional nickname of
the English clubWest Ham United [of the same
origin as the better-known nickname Hammers]
Ironwoman(general) the semi-official title of a female winner of an Ironman
Iroquois Cup (lacrosse) the cupawarded since 1890
to the winners of the annual English club championship[named for the Iroquois people of
Canada from whom the gamewas adopted]
Isis(rowing) the reserve eightof Oxford University,
who race their Cambridge counterpart, Goldie,
immediately before the Boat Race[name of the
Thames River at Oxford]
Island Games(general) a biennial festival of sporting contests similar to the regional gamesof the
Olympicsheld since 1985 for competitors from
an island community, the venuevarying but always on an island
Islanders(ice hockey) short name of the New York
Islanders team
Isthmian Games(general) a festival of sporting
contests similar to the Olympic Gamesheld in
ancient Greece on the Isthmus of Corinth
Italian Grand Prix(auto racing) the Formula One
international Grand Prixheld on the circuit at
Monza, Italy
Ivy League(American football) a conferenceof
colleges and universities in the northeastern
United States whose teams largely founded and
developed college footballin the late 19th century [from the nickname of the colleges themselves]
hop • I-formation 76
quarterback[the formation is I-shaped, perpendicular to the line of scrimmage]
ICC(cricket) abbreviation of International Cricket
Council
ice ax(mountaineering) an ax used by climbers to
cut footholds in ice or compacted snow
ice dance (ice skating) an alternate term for ice
dancing
ice dancing (ice skating) a form of ice skating
based on the movements of ballroom dancing
ice diving(aquatics) scubadiving below the surface of frozen water
ice hockey (sport) an evolution of field hockey,
played between teams of six on a rink, in which
players equipped with skatesand stickstry to
send a puckinto the goalof their opponents
ice rink(ice hockey, ice skating) a rinkwith a prepared layer of ice
ice skates(ice hockey, ice skating) skatesmounted
on bladesfor moving over ice
ice skating (sport) a sport in which competitors,
either singly or in pairs, execute figureson a rink
ice the puck(ice hockey) to shoot the puckfrom a
team’s own side of the red lineto beyond the
opposing team’s goal line, as a result of which
play is stopped and a face-offtakes place in the
offending team’s zone on the face-off spot nearest to where they last touched the puck
ice track(ice skating) a frozen track used in speed
skating
ice yacht(sailing) a lightly built boat with runners
and a sail, used in ice yachting
ice yachting(sailing) the sport of traveling over ice
in an ice yacht
icing (ice hockey) the action of a player who ices
the puck
Iditarod Race(sled dog racing) an annual dogsled
race run from Anchorage to Nome, Alaska
[named for the village on the historic trail followed by the race]
IM(swimming) abbreviation of individual medley
impost(horse racing) the weightcarried by a horse
in a handicap
Imps(association football) nickname of the English
clubLincoln City [from the “Lincoln Imp,” a
grotesque carving of a gnome-like figure in the
city’s cathedral]
in chancery(boxing, wrestling) (of ) a combatant’s
head held under his opponent’s arm
in front(general) ahead in scoring
in-goal (rugby league, rugby union) the area between the goal lineand the dead-ball line, in
which a trymay be scored
in hand(billiards) (of ) a ballthat has to be played
from the D; (croquet) (of ) a ballafter a roquet
has been made and until croquethas been taken
in-lap(auto racing) the lapmade before a pit stop
in-off(billiards, snooker) a stroke, also known as a
losing hazard, in which a player’s own ballgoes
into a pocketafter striking another ball
in the hole (baseball) (of ) a batter due to bat in
two places after the current batter
in the money (horse racing) among the winners,
whether as runnersor bettors
Ina Bauer (ice skating) a move similar to a spread
eaglebut executed with one knee bent and the
other leg stretched out behind [invented by the
German skater Ina Bauer (1941–)]
inbounds (general) the central, usually markedout area of a fieldor court
incomplete(American football) (of ) a passthat is
not caught by a receiver
Indian dribble(field hockey) a dribbletechnique
in which a player drives the ballrepeatedly from
right to left and left to right while moving over
the pitch [introduced by the national team of
India at the 1956 Olympics]
Indian wrestling(wrestling) (1) a form of the sport
in which opponents lie on their backs side by
side, head to toe, interlock one arm and leg, and
attempt to force each other’s leg down; (2) a
form of the sport in which opponents stand face
to face, interlock one arm, brace the outsides of
corresponding feet against each other, and attempt to unbalance each other; (3) another term
for arm wrestling
Indianapolis 500(auto racing) a raceof 500 miles
(200 laps) held annually since 1911at the Indianapolis Motor Speedway, Indiana
Indians(baseball) short name of the Cleveland Indians team
indicator board (association football) the electronic
number board held up by the fourth officialto
indicate the amount of added timeto be played
or the identity of a substitute
indirect free kick(association football) a free kick,
awarded after a foul, from which a goalcannot
be scored unless the ballis touched by another
player first (as distinct from a direct free kick)
individual medley (swimming) a medleyraced between individual swimmers
individual pursuit(cycling) a track race ridden by
two ridershead-to-head
indoor bowls(bowls) a form of the gameplayed indoors on a carpetwith a single rink
indoor cricket(cricket) a form of the sport adapted
for play indoors
indoor football(association football) a form of the
gameplayed indoors, usually as five-a-side
indoor hockey (field hockey) a form of the game
adapted for play indoors, with up to seven players a side
indoor target archery (archery) a form of target
archerystaged indoors
77 ICC • indoor target
indoor volleyball (volleyball) the original indoor
form of the sport, as distinct from beach volleyball
Indy car(auto racing) the low-slung, fenderless
(open-wheel) racecarthat competes in the Indianapolis 500
Indy 500 (auto racing) colloquial name of the Indianapolis 500
infield(auto racing, horse racing) the area enclosed
by the racetrack; (baseball) the area enclosed
within the baselines; (cricket) the part of the
fieldnear the wicket
infielder (baseball) any player positioned around
the infield
infighting(boxing) engaging at very close quarters,
so that it is impossible to throw full-length
punches
injury time (association football) stoppage time
that is added on to the regulation 90 minutes of
a match to make up for time lost because of injuries
inline skates (roller skating) another term for
rollerblades
inner(archery, shooting) the part of the targetnext
to the bull
inning(baseball) a turn at battingfor each team
innings(cricket) a turn at battingfor a batsmanor
for a whole team
inquiry(horse racing) shortening of stewards’ inquiry
inrun (skiing) the portion of a ski jumpduring
which the skier travels down the ramp
inside center (rugby union) the centerwho plays
between the fly halfand the outside center
inside edge (cricket) a deflection of the ballfrom
the inner edge of the bat; (ice skating) the inner
of the two edges of the bladeof a skate
inside left (association football, field hockey) an attacking position on the left side toward the center of the field
inside right(association football, field hockey) an attacking position on the right side toward the
center of the field
inside-the-park home run(baseball) a home run
scored without the ballgoing beyond the field of
play
inside track (general) the inner trackof a racetrackor racecourse, which is shorter because of
a curve and therefore advantageous
inspection (horse racing) an examination of the
course by stewardsbefore a raceor meeting
when racingis in doubt because of bad weather
instant replay (general) another term for an action reply
insurance(general) a tactical or strategic form of
play that enables a team to build up an unbeatable or unmatchable lead
inswinger(association football) a ballkicked so as
to swing in toward the goalor the center of the
pitch; (cricket) a ballbowled so as to swerve
from offto leg
intentional grounding(American football) the offenseof deliberately throwing the ballto a place
where it cannot be caught in order to avoid being
sacked
Inter(association football) short name of the Italian clubInter Milan
Intercalated Games (Olympics) the special
Olympic Gamesheld in Athens in 1906 to commemorate the 10th anniversary of the birth of
the modern Games [they were intercalated, or
inserted in the calendar, between the quadrennial 1904 and 1908 Games]
interception(American football) a passthrown by
the quarterbackthat is caught by a member of
the defense
interchange (Australian Rules, rugby league) another term for a substitute
intercollegiate football (American football) another term for college football
intermediates(auto racing) tires used in changeable
weather, having more grooves and tread than
dry-weather tires but fewer than wets
international(general) (1) (of ) a contest between
teams of different countries; (2) a participant in
such a contest
International Cricket Council(cricket) the governing body of the world game, with headquarters at Lord’s, founded in 1909 as the Imperial
Cricket Conference and until 1993 administered
by the MCC
International Olympic Committee(Olympics) the
body that administers the modern Olympic
Games, set up in 1894 and comprising representatives of national Olympic associations from all
of the member countries
interstate(baseball) a batting averagebelow 100
[all U.S. interstate highways have two-digit
numbers]
interval running (athletics) another term for interval training
interval training(athletics) alternate fast and slow
running at timed intervals in a single session,
carried out as training for marathonsand other
long-distance races
intervarsity (general) (of ) a gameor matchbetween universities, especially Oxford and Cambridge
inverted cross(g ymnastics) a holding move on the
ringsin a handstandposition, with the arms
stretched out perpendicular to the body
invitational(general) a matchor contest open only
to those invited
inward(swimming) a divein which the diverstarts
indoor volleyball • inward 78
with his back to the water and continues with a
rotation toward the board
inwick (curling) a wickin which the stoneslides
close to the tee
IOC (Olympics) abbreviation of International
Olympic Committee
ippon (judo, karate) a winning score of one full
point, awarded for a perfectly executed throwor
hold[Japanese ip(from ichi), “one,” and pon, a
numerical counter for something long, as a staff
or sword]
Irish(rugby union) short name of the English club
London Irish
Irish Derby(horse racing) an annual racerun at
the Curraghsince 1866 [named for the English
Derby]
Irish Grand National (horse racing) an annual race
run at Fairyhousesince 1870 [named for the
English Grand National]
Irish whip(wrestling) a one-handed throwin which
the arm is whipped back and forth forcing the
opponent to execute an aerial somersault
iron(golf) a clubwith a thin metal head, used for
shorter shotsthan a wood
Iron(association football) nickname of the English
clubScunthorpe United [from the town’s iron
and steel industry]
iron man (athletics) a powerful athlete
Ironman(general) a test of endurance in the form
of a triathlonat a surfcarnival, held in Hawaii
since 1978 and comprising a swim in the sea of 2.4
miles (3.9km), a cycle raceof 112 miles (180km)
around the island of Oahu, and a marathon
ironmongery(mountaineering) colloquial term for
all the metal tools and equipment used for climbing, such as ice axes, crampons, and pitons
irons(horse racing) colloquial term for stirrups
Irons(association football) occasional nickname of
the English clubWest Ham United [of the same
origin as the better-known nickname Hammers]
Ironwoman(general) the semi-official title of a female winner of an Ironman
Iroquois Cup (lacrosse) the cupawarded since 1890
to the winners of the annual English club championship[named for the Iroquois people of
Canada from whom the gamewas adopted]
Isis(rowing) the reserve eightof Oxford University,
who race their Cambridge counterpart, Goldie,
immediately before the Boat Race[name of the
Thames River at Oxford]
Island Games(general) a biennial festival of sporting contests similar to the regional gamesof the
Olympicsheld since 1985 for competitors from
an island community, the venuevarying but always on an island
Islanders(ice hockey) short name of the New York
Islanders team
Isthmian Games(general) a festival of sporting
contests similar to the Olympic Gamesheld in
ancient Greece on the Isthmus of Corinth
Italian Grand Prix(auto racing) the Formula One
international Grand Prixheld on the circuit at
Monza, Italy
Ivy League(American football) a conferenceof
colleges and universities in the northeastern
United States whose teams largely founded and
developed college footballin the late 19th century [from the nickname of the colleges themselves]
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