jab (boxing) a short straight punch
jack (bowls) the small white (occasionally yellow)
object ball, which in crown green bowls has a
bias
Jack Adams Award (ice hockey) the trophy awarded
annually to the coach of the year [named after
Jack Adams, manager of the Detroit Red Wings
in the late 1940s and early 1950s]
jack high (bowls) a bowl that is level with the jack
[a term now officially obsolete]
jacket (horse racing) the loose-fitting silk or satin
blouse (formerly jacket) worn by a jockey in
the distinctive colors of the owner of the racehorse
jackknife (swimming) a dive in which the swimmer
bends his body in two, grasps or touches
his ankles, then straightens his body out again on
entering the water
jackpot ( general ) a cash prize won on certain conditions,
especially one that accumulates
jaffa (cricket) a well-bowled ball that is likely to
take a wicket [said to be so called because
“sweeter” than the other balls in a bowler’s spell,
as a Jaffa orange is sweeter than others]
Jags (association football ) colloquial name of the
Scottish clubs Inverness Caledonian Thistle and
Partick Thistle [local term for the jagged leaves
of a thistle, the Scottish national emblem]
Jaguars (American football ) short name of the Jacksonville
Jaguars team
jai alai (sport) a type of pelota resembling handball,
played with a long curved basket strapped
to the wrist [Spanish, from Basque jai, “festival,”
and alai, “merry”]
jam (mountaineering) the act of twisting a hand or
foot in a crack to secure a hold
Jam Tarts (association football ) nickname of the
Scottish club Heart of Midlothian [rhyming
slang for Hearts, with an additional reference to
the maroon color of the team’s shirts]
Jambos (association football ) nickname for supporters
of the Scottish club Heart of Midlothian
[variant form of Jam Tarts]
James Norris Memorial Trophy (ice hockey) the
trophy awarded to the outstanding defenseman
79 inwick • James
throughout a season [named for James Norris,
owner of the Detroit Red Wings from 1932 to
1952]
jamming (baseball ) a pitch aimed at the body of
the batter so as to cramp his swing and rob him
of power to hit the ball
Japanese Grand Prix (auto racing) the Formula
One international Grand Prix held on the circuit
at Suzuka, Japan
jar (horse racing) another term for firm going, especially
as adversely affecting horses who perform
better on softer ground
javelin (athletics) (1) a light spear for throwing; (2)
the field event in which it is thrown
jaws (snooker) the corners of the cushion either
side of a pocket
Jazz (basketball) short name of the Utah Jazz team
jenny (billiards, snooker) an in-off into one of the
middle pockets made with the object ball close
to a cushion
jerk (weightlifting) the second phase of the clean
and jerk movement in which the weightlifter
lifts the barbell from shoulder height to above his
head with straightened arms and legs
Jesters Cup (fives) the trophy awarded annually to
the winner of the Rugby fives national championship
[named for the Jesters Club, founded in
1928 as a cricket club but now mostly associated
with court games]
jet ski (aquatics) a jet-propelled craft, comparable
to a motorcycle, used to skim across the surface
of the water on a keel resembling a ski
jet skiing (aquatics) the riding of a jet ski in a competition
or as a form of recreation
Jets (American football ) short name of the New
York Jets team
jeu de paume (sport) a former name for real tennis
[French, jeu de paume, “game of the palm (of
the hand)”]
jeu provençal (sport) a game similar to boules
played in Provence, France [French jeu provençal,
“Provençal game”]
jib (sailing) a triangular sail stretched in front of
the foremast
jibe (sailing) another spelling of gybe
jigger ( golf ) a former type of iron used for approach
shots
Jillaroos (field hockey) nickname of the Australian
national under-21 women’s team [from jillaroos,
female novices on a sheep or cattle station, as an
equivalent of the male jackaroos, from Jack and
kangaroo, the national animal]
Jim Thorpe Trophy (American football ) the trophy
awarded annually since 1955 to the Most Valuable
Player in the National Football League
[named for the all-around athlete and talented
football player Jim Thorpe (1888–1953)]
jink (rugby union) a quick deceptive turn, as made
on getting the ball out from a ruck
jock ( general ) (1) colloquial term for a jockstrap;
(2) colloquial term for a sportsman
Jock Scott (angling) a type of artificial fly [named
for Jock Scott, the Scottish fisherman who designed
it in the mid-19th century]
jockey (association football ) to move backward, forward,
or sideways in order to cover changes in direction
by opposition players; (horse racing) a
(usually professional) rider in a horse race [pet
form of the male name Jock, applied to a young
male, as jockeys were originally boys]
jockey cap (horse racing) a reinforced cap with a
long peak, worn by jockeys
Jockey Club (horse racing) the organization founded
at Newmarket in about 1750 to promote and
regulate the sport and subsequently becoming
the controlling authority for flat racing [in 2007
its regulatory powers passed to the British
Horseracing Authority]
jockstrap ( general ) a genital support worn by
sportsmen [from jock, slang term for the genitals,
and strap]
jodhpur boots (equestrianism) ankle-high boots
worn with jodhpurs
jodhpurs (equestrianism) riding breeches that are
loose around the hip but tight-fitting from the
knee to the ankle [originally worn in Jodhpur,
northwestern India]
jods (equestrianism) colloquial shortening of jodhpurs
Joeys (field hockey) nickname of the Australian national
junior men’s team [from joey, a young
kangaroo, the national animal]
jog (athletics) to run at a slow, steady pace, especially
for exercise
jogging (athletics) running at a slow, steady pace,
especially for exercise
John Player League (cricket) a former equivalent
of the Pro40 League [name of sponsor]
join the dots (cricket) to bowl a maiden over [a delivery
which scores no run is a dot ball, so that
the six dots (in two columns of three) conventionally
entered by the scorer for a maiden over
can be joined up to form a capital “M” for
“maiden”]
judge (angling) a type of artificial fly; (boxing) one
of the three ringside officials who keep a record
of the scoring hits in a bout; (greyhound racing,
horse racing) the official who determines the
finishing order in a race; (weightlifting) one of the
three officials who decide whether a lift is valid
or not; (wrestling) one of the three officials in
charge of a bout, the others being the chairman
and the referee
judo (sport) a Japanese martial art that evolved
jamming • judo 80
from jujitsu as a physical discipline based on
unarmed self-defense techniques involving principles
of movement and balance [Japanese ju,
“gentleness,” and do, “way”]
judogi (judo) the costume of loose-fitting jacket
and pants secured by a belt worn by a judoka
judoka (judo) a practitioner of or expert in judo
Jug, The (horse racing) colloquial name of the Little
Brown Jug harness race
juggle (baseball ) to fumble a hit ball without dropping
it, thus failing to prevent a runner from
reaching a base
jujitsu (sport) a Japanese martial art that evolved
as system of unarmed combat, now often practiced
in physical training, in which the aim is to
turn an opponent’s strength and weight to their
disadvantage [Japanese ju, “gentle,” and jutsu,
“skill”]
juke (American football ) to trick an opposing player
by pretending to make one move but actually
making another
jukskei (sport) a South African sport similar to
quoits, in which bottle-shaped pegs (originally
yoke pins) are thrown at stakes fixed in the
ground [Afrikaans yuk, “yoke,” and skei, “pin”]
Jules Rimet Trophy (association football ) the trophy
awarded from 1930 to 1970 that preceded the
World Cup [donated by French FIFA president
Jules Rimet (1871–1956)]
jumar (mountaineering) (1) a clamp which grips the
rope when a weight is applied but which runs
freely when it is removed; (2) a climb using such
clamps [of Swiss origin]
jump (athletics) (1) a jump made as the main part of
a movement or exercise, as a high jump or long
jump; (2) a jump as a the third and final phase of
the triple jump; ( general ) (1) a natural or manmade
obstacle that has to be jumped over or
across, as a fence in horse racing; (2) a leap in the
air as part of a routine, as in ice skating; (3) a leap
to catch, hit, or throw a ball, as in basketball;
(4) a place from which a jump is made, as for a
ski jump; (parachuting) a descent by parachute
jump ball (basketball) a ball thrown up by the referee
between opposing players to restart the
game
jump cue (pool) a cue used to make the cue ball
jump
jump hook (basketball) a hook shot made while
the player’s feet are off the ground
jump jockey (horse racing) a jockey who rides in
steeplechases
jump-off (equestrianism) in showjumping, an
extra round to decide the winner if two or more
riders tie for first place
jump racing (horse racing) racing over jumps, as
distinct from flat racing
jump shot (basketball, handball) a shot made when
the player’s feet are off the ground; (billiards,
snooker) a shot that makes the cue ball jump
over another ball
jump the gun (athletics) to make a false start [by
leaving before the starting gun]
jump turn (skiing) a turn made while jumping
jumper (basketball) colloquial term for a jump
shot; ( general ) a person or animal, such as a
horse, that jumps; (rugby union) a player who
jumps to gain the ball in a lineout
jumping jack (athletics) a jumping exercise in
which the legs are spread apart then brought together
while the arms are swung above the head
then back down to the sides
jumping pole (athletics) the pole used in the pole
vault
jumpmaster (parachuting) a person in charge of
parachutists
jungle (golf ) colloquial term for tall rough, bushes,
or trees
junior (boxing) lighter than the standard for a particular
weight
junior bantamweight (boxing) the professional
weight category of maximum 52kg (115lb)
junior circuit (baseball ) colloquial term for the
American League [so called as formed after the
National League]
junior featherweight (boxing) the professional
weight category of maximum 55kg (122lb)
junior flyweight (boxing) the professional weight
category of maximum 49kg (108lb)
junior lightweight (boxing) the professional
weight category of maximum 59kg (130lb)
junior middleweight (boxing) the professional
weight category of maximum 70kg (154lb)
Junior TT (motorcycle racing) the lesser annual TT
race [for smaller bikes than in the Senior TT]
junior welterweight (boxing) the professional
weight category of maximum 63.5kg (140lb)
juvenile (horse racing) a two-year-old horse
K (baseball ) colloquial abbreviation for a strikeout
k point (skiing) the point at which the hill flattens
out in a ski jump, expressed as so many meters
from the takeoff and for a normal hill rated as
around 90 meters [part-translation of German KPunkt,
shortening of kritischer Punkt, “critical
point”]
kabaddi (sport) a sport of Indian origin played between
two teams of 7 players, in which players
in turn make “raids” into the opposing teams’
court in which they try to touch one of their
opponents while chanting “kabbadi” to show
that they are holding their breath as the rules require
[said to derive from a word related to Kannada
kabalisu, “to gulp”]
81 judogi • kabaddi
jack (bowls) the small white (occasionally yellow)
object ball, which in crown green bowls has a
bias
Jack Adams Award (ice hockey) the trophy awarded
annually to the coach of the year [named after
Jack Adams, manager of the Detroit Red Wings
in the late 1940s and early 1950s]
jack high (bowls) a bowl that is level with the jack
[a term now officially obsolete]
jacket (horse racing) the loose-fitting silk or satin
blouse (formerly jacket) worn by a jockey in
the distinctive colors of the owner of the racehorse
jackknife (swimming) a dive in which the swimmer
bends his body in two, grasps or touches
his ankles, then straightens his body out again on
entering the water
jackpot ( general ) a cash prize won on certain conditions,
especially one that accumulates
jaffa (cricket) a well-bowled ball that is likely to
take a wicket [said to be so called because
“sweeter” than the other balls in a bowler’s spell,
as a Jaffa orange is sweeter than others]
Jags (association football ) colloquial name of the
Scottish clubs Inverness Caledonian Thistle and
Partick Thistle [local term for the jagged leaves
of a thistle, the Scottish national emblem]
Jaguars (American football ) short name of the Jacksonville
Jaguars team
jai alai (sport) a type of pelota resembling handball,
played with a long curved basket strapped
to the wrist [Spanish, from Basque jai, “festival,”
and alai, “merry”]
jam (mountaineering) the act of twisting a hand or
foot in a crack to secure a hold
Jam Tarts (association football ) nickname of the
Scottish club Heart of Midlothian [rhyming
slang for Hearts, with an additional reference to
the maroon color of the team’s shirts]
Jambos (association football ) nickname for supporters
of the Scottish club Heart of Midlothian
[variant form of Jam Tarts]
James Norris Memorial Trophy (ice hockey) the
trophy awarded to the outstanding defenseman
79 inwick • James
throughout a season [named for James Norris,
owner of the Detroit Red Wings from 1932 to
1952]
jamming (baseball ) a pitch aimed at the body of
the batter so as to cramp his swing and rob him
of power to hit the ball
Japanese Grand Prix (auto racing) the Formula
One international Grand Prix held on the circuit
at Suzuka, Japan
jar (horse racing) another term for firm going, especially
as adversely affecting horses who perform
better on softer ground
javelin (athletics) (1) a light spear for throwing; (2)
the field event in which it is thrown
jaws (snooker) the corners of the cushion either
side of a pocket
Jazz (basketball) short name of the Utah Jazz team
jenny (billiards, snooker) an in-off into one of the
middle pockets made with the object ball close
to a cushion
jerk (weightlifting) the second phase of the clean
and jerk movement in which the weightlifter
lifts the barbell from shoulder height to above his
head with straightened arms and legs
Jesters Cup (fives) the trophy awarded annually to
the winner of the Rugby fives national championship
[named for the Jesters Club, founded in
1928 as a cricket club but now mostly associated
with court games]
jet ski (aquatics) a jet-propelled craft, comparable
to a motorcycle, used to skim across the surface
of the water on a keel resembling a ski
jet skiing (aquatics) the riding of a jet ski in a competition
or as a form of recreation
Jets (American football ) short name of the New
York Jets team
jeu de paume (sport) a former name for real tennis
[French, jeu de paume, “game of the palm (of
the hand)”]
jeu provençal (sport) a game similar to boules
played in Provence, France [French jeu provençal,
“Provençal game”]
jib (sailing) a triangular sail stretched in front of
the foremast
jibe (sailing) another spelling of gybe
jigger ( golf ) a former type of iron used for approach
shots
Jillaroos (field hockey) nickname of the Australian
national under-21 women’s team [from jillaroos,
female novices on a sheep or cattle station, as an
equivalent of the male jackaroos, from Jack and
kangaroo, the national animal]
Jim Thorpe Trophy (American football ) the trophy
awarded annually since 1955 to the Most Valuable
Player in the National Football League
[named for the all-around athlete and talented
football player Jim Thorpe (1888–1953)]
jink (rugby union) a quick deceptive turn, as made
on getting the ball out from a ruck
jock ( general ) (1) colloquial term for a jockstrap;
(2) colloquial term for a sportsman
Jock Scott (angling) a type of artificial fly [named
for Jock Scott, the Scottish fisherman who designed
it in the mid-19th century]
jockey (association football ) to move backward, forward,
or sideways in order to cover changes in direction
by opposition players; (horse racing) a
(usually professional) rider in a horse race [pet
form of the male name Jock, applied to a young
male, as jockeys were originally boys]
jockey cap (horse racing) a reinforced cap with a
long peak, worn by jockeys
Jockey Club (horse racing) the organization founded
at Newmarket in about 1750 to promote and
regulate the sport and subsequently becoming
the controlling authority for flat racing [in 2007
its regulatory powers passed to the British
Horseracing Authority]
jockstrap ( general ) a genital support worn by
sportsmen [from jock, slang term for the genitals,
and strap]
jodhpur boots (equestrianism) ankle-high boots
worn with jodhpurs
jodhpurs (equestrianism) riding breeches that are
loose around the hip but tight-fitting from the
knee to the ankle [originally worn in Jodhpur,
northwestern India]
jods (equestrianism) colloquial shortening of jodhpurs
Joeys (field hockey) nickname of the Australian national
junior men’s team [from joey, a young
kangaroo, the national animal]
jog (athletics) to run at a slow, steady pace, especially
for exercise
jogging (athletics) running at a slow, steady pace,
especially for exercise
John Player League (cricket) a former equivalent
of the Pro40 League [name of sponsor]
join the dots (cricket) to bowl a maiden over [a delivery
which scores no run is a dot ball, so that
the six dots (in two columns of three) conventionally
entered by the scorer for a maiden over
can be joined up to form a capital “M” for
“maiden”]
judge (angling) a type of artificial fly; (boxing) one
of the three ringside officials who keep a record
of the scoring hits in a bout; (greyhound racing,
horse racing) the official who determines the
finishing order in a race; (weightlifting) one of the
three officials who decide whether a lift is valid
or not; (wrestling) one of the three officials in
charge of a bout, the others being the chairman
and the referee
judo (sport) a Japanese martial art that evolved
jamming • judo 80
from jujitsu as a physical discipline based on
unarmed self-defense techniques involving principles
of movement and balance [Japanese ju,
“gentleness,” and do, “way”]
judogi (judo) the costume of loose-fitting jacket
and pants secured by a belt worn by a judoka
judoka (judo) a practitioner of or expert in judo
Jug, The (horse racing) colloquial name of the Little
Brown Jug harness race
juggle (baseball ) to fumble a hit ball without dropping
it, thus failing to prevent a runner from
reaching a base
jujitsu (sport) a Japanese martial art that evolved
as system of unarmed combat, now often practiced
in physical training, in which the aim is to
turn an opponent’s strength and weight to their
disadvantage [Japanese ju, “gentle,” and jutsu,
“skill”]
juke (American football ) to trick an opposing player
by pretending to make one move but actually
making another
jukskei (sport) a South African sport similar to
quoits, in which bottle-shaped pegs (originally
yoke pins) are thrown at stakes fixed in the
ground [Afrikaans yuk, “yoke,” and skei, “pin”]
Jules Rimet Trophy (association football ) the trophy
awarded from 1930 to 1970 that preceded the
World Cup [donated by French FIFA president
Jules Rimet (1871–1956)]
jumar (mountaineering) (1) a clamp which grips the
rope when a weight is applied but which runs
freely when it is removed; (2) a climb using such
clamps [of Swiss origin]
jump (athletics) (1) a jump made as the main part of
a movement or exercise, as a high jump or long
jump; (2) a jump as a the third and final phase of
the triple jump; ( general ) (1) a natural or manmade
obstacle that has to be jumped over or
across, as a fence in horse racing; (2) a leap in the
air as part of a routine, as in ice skating; (3) a leap
to catch, hit, or throw a ball, as in basketball;
(4) a place from which a jump is made, as for a
ski jump; (parachuting) a descent by parachute
jump ball (basketball) a ball thrown up by the referee
between opposing players to restart the
game
jump cue (pool) a cue used to make the cue ball
jump
jump hook (basketball) a hook shot made while
the player’s feet are off the ground
jump jockey (horse racing) a jockey who rides in
steeplechases
jump-off (equestrianism) in showjumping, an
extra round to decide the winner if two or more
riders tie for first place
jump racing (horse racing) racing over jumps, as
distinct from flat racing
jump shot (basketball, handball) a shot made when
the player’s feet are off the ground; (billiards,
snooker) a shot that makes the cue ball jump
over another ball
jump the gun (athletics) to make a false start [by
leaving before the starting gun]
jump turn (skiing) a turn made while jumping
jumper (basketball) colloquial term for a jump
shot; ( general ) a person or animal, such as a
horse, that jumps; (rugby union) a player who
jumps to gain the ball in a lineout
jumping jack (athletics) a jumping exercise in
which the legs are spread apart then brought together
while the arms are swung above the head
then back down to the sides
jumping pole (athletics) the pole used in the pole
vault
jumpmaster (parachuting) a person in charge of
parachutists
jungle (golf ) colloquial term for tall rough, bushes,
or trees
junior (boxing) lighter than the standard for a particular
weight
junior bantamweight (boxing) the professional
weight category of maximum 52kg (115lb)
junior circuit (baseball ) colloquial term for the
American League [so called as formed after the
National League]
junior featherweight (boxing) the professional
weight category of maximum 55kg (122lb)
junior flyweight (boxing) the professional weight
category of maximum 49kg (108lb)
junior lightweight (boxing) the professional
weight category of maximum 59kg (130lb)
junior middleweight (boxing) the professional
weight category of maximum 70kg (154lb)
Junior TT (motorcycle racing) the lesser annual TT
race [for smaller bikes than in the Senior TT]
junior welterweight (boxing) the professional
weight category of maximum 63.5kg (140lb)
juvenile (horse racing) a two-year-old horse
K (baseball ) colloquial abbreviation for a strikeout
k point (skiing) the point at which the hill flattens
out in a ski jump, expressed as so many meters
from the takeoff and for a normal hill rated as
around 90 meters [part-translation of German KPunkt,
shortening of kritischer Punkt, “critical
point”]
kabaddi (sport) a sport of Indian origin played between
two teams of 7 players, in which players
in turn make “raids” into the opposing teams’
court in which they try to touch one of their
opponents while chanting “kabbadi” to show
that they are holding their breath as the rules require
[said to derive from a word related to Kannada
kabalisu, “to gulp”]
81 judogi • kabaddi
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